| Ingenious Inventions |
| Portable Upright Piano, 1801 Maker: John Isaac Hawkins Philadelphia, PA |
| photo by SI |
| This very early example of an American upright piano, fully portable, was perhaps designed for shipboard. Thomas Jefferson owned one of Hawkins's instruments. |
| Square Piano, 1832-1837 Maker: Alpheus Babcock for William Swift Philadelphia, PA |
| photos by Robert C. Lautman |
| An ingenious craftsman but an unlucky businessman, Alpheus Babcock invented the one-piece iron frame, one of America's chief contributions to piano development. The iron frame allowed for larger, more stable instruments that could produce bigger sounds. One of two known Babcock pianos with an iron frame. |
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